55 year old male with decompensated CLD

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I have been given this case to solve in an attempt to understand the topic of " patient clinical data analysis" to develop my competency in reading and comprehending clinical data including history, clinical findings, investigations and come up with diagnosis and treatment plan.

The patient/ attender was informed the purpose of the information being acquired. An informed consent was taken from patient/ attender and there is omission of information that was requested to be omitted. 

CONSENT WAS TAKEN FROM BOTH PATIENT AND ATTENDERS 


55 year old male patient was brought to casualty with complaints of 

scrotal swelling since 15 days

Fever since 15 days

Cough with sputum since 15 days

Yellowish discoloration of eyes since 15 days

Shortness of breath since 15 days


History of presenting illness

Patient was perfectly alright 6 months back when he developed abdominal distension which was insidious onset, gradually progressive , associated with shortness of breath and bilateral pedal edema,not associated with pain, no aggrevating and relieving factors.

H/o melena present 

He was then diagnosed with chronic liver disease , endoscopy was done which showed grade 2 esophageal varices. Ascites was managed by therapeutic tapping.( around 8 litres of ascites fluid was tapped)

Since 15 days,he developed bilateral scrotal edema , gradually progressive associated with dragging type of pain , local rise of temperature and redness present.

History of fever associated with productive cough 

-No H/o hematemesis , bleeding per rectum, constipation.

-No history of orthopnoea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea.

-No history of epigastric and retrosternal burning sensation

-No history of facial puffiness, decreased urine output , hematuria .

-No history of confusion, drowsiness or altered sleep rhythm.

-No history of diabetes, asthma, tuberculosis,CAD, CVA, epilepsy 

On examination

Patient is conscious coherent and co operative

Pallor present

Icterus present

No cyanosis,clubbing, generalised lymphadenopathy.

jvp showing prominent x and y descent

Vitals

Bp 110/70 mm Hg

PR 80 bpm

Rr 16 cpm

Head to toe examination- 

Hair is normal 

B/ l parotid enlargement - negative

No fetor hepaticus

No evidence of xanthoma and xanthelasma.

No gynaecomastia

Spider nevi - absent

No palmar erythema

No leuconychia

No duputryens contracture

Flapping tremors - absent

Axillary and pubic hair are normal 

Head to toe examination- 

Hair is sparse

B/ l parotid enlargement - negative

No fetor hepaticus

No evidence of xanthoma and xanthelasma.

No gynaecomastia

Spider nevi - absent

No palmar erythema

No leuconychia

No duputryens contracture

Flapping tremors - absent

Axillary and pubic hair are normal 


SYSTEMIC EXAMINATION 

Gastrointestinal system examination

Oral cavity: normal 

INSPECTION:

-Abdomen is uniformly distended 
Head to toe examination- 

Hair is sparse

B/ l parotid enlargement - negative

No fetor hepaticus

No evidence of xanthoma and xanthelasma.

No gynaecomastia

Spider nevi - absent

No palmar erythema

No leuconychia

No duputryens contracture

Flapping tremors - absent

Axillary and pubic hair are normal 


SYSTEMIC EXAMINATION 

Gastrointestinal system examination

Oral cavity: normal 

INSPECTION:

-Abdomen is uniformly distended Flanks are full

-Umbilicus appears flat

-scars present 

  No sinuses 

- No visible peristalsis
 
- Hernial orifices appear normal

PALPATION:

Done in supine position , with both lower limbs flexed and hands by side of body

 Superficial palpation:

-No local rise of temperature , tenderness 
-No guarding and rigidity 

No local lymphadenopathy

-Abdominal girth : 96cms 


DEEP PALPATION 

-Liver and spleen are not palpable.

- Shifting dullness present 

- Fluid thrill present 


PERCUSSION:

Liver span -  

upper border of liver dullness in 5 th intercoastal space in mid clavicular line, lower border could not be appreciated. 

AUSCULTATION:

Bowel sounds were not clearly audible.

No bruit , venous hum or friction rub.


Examination of external genitalia 
Appears edematous 
Local rise of temperature present
Redness present 

- No testicular atrophy.

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM:

-Bilateral air entry present 

-Normal vesicular breath sounds heard , 

CARDIO VASCULAR EXAMINATION

-S1 S2 heard 

-No murmurs 

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM EXAMINATION


No focal neurological deficit.


PROVISIONAL DIAGNOSIS:

Chronic decompensated liver parenchymal disease 

Investigations

Diagnostic tap was done 
which high saag low protein

Plan of care

Therapeutic tap was done on day 2

Around 1 litre of ascitic fluid drained 

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